| Vegetable | Indoor Sowing | Outdoor Sowing | Plants Spacing | Thin to | Rows Spacing | Seed Planting Depth | Mini Soil Temp °F | Hardiness | Time to Maturity / Harvest | Notes |
| Artichoke | 8-10 Weeks before Last Frost | Spring | 2-3 Ft. | no | 5-6 Ft. | 1" | 60 | Semi-Hardy | 100-150 Days | Like well-drained fertile soil. If the soil is too light, add rich organic material. In cold climates, treat as annual. |
| Asparagus | 8 Weeks before last frost. | Early Spring | 1" | 18" | 3 – 4 Ft. | 1-2" | Semi-Hardy | 3rd Year; Yearly thereafter | Perennial. Do not harvest the first 2 years to allow plant to establish itself. Apply a heavy mulch in winter | |
| Beets | no | April to Mid August | 1" | 2-3" | 12-18" | 1" | 40 | Hardy | 50 – 70 Days | Up to 1/3 of the plant foliage can be harvested for greens. Dig and store in cool place prior to first freeze. Days to maturity may increase with late plantings. |
| Broccoli | no | April to Mid June | 1" | 18-24" | 24-30" | ½-1" | 50 | Semi-Hardy | 60 - 80 Days | Harvest before flower buds start to open. Beware of pests for late Plantings. |
| Brussels Sprouts | no | Late June | 1" | 18-24" | 24-30" | ¼" | 50 | Hardy | 90 Days | Best when harvested small ( 1-2” diameter). |
| Cabbage | Feb-March, Into garden in May | April to June | 1" | 18-24" | 24-30" | ½" | 40 | Semi-Hardy | 65 - 80 Days | PH Soil should be 5.5 or higher. Beware of pests for late Plantings. |
| Carrots | no | Mid - April to May & July | ½" | 1-2" | 16-24" | ½" | 40 | Hardy | 70 - 90 Days | Sow early, best when harvested young. May have several sequential plantings. |
| Cauliflower | Jan.-Feb. Into garden in May | Mid-April to Mid-June | 1" | 30" | 24-36" | ½" | 40 | Semi-Hardy | 120 - 150 Days | Won't tolerate high temperatures, harvest before the head opens up. Sow seeds for a second crop in May. |
| Vegetable | Indoor Sowing | Outdoor Sowing | Plants Spacing | Thin to | Rows Spacing | Seed Planting Depth | Mini Soil Temp °F | Hardiness | Time to Maturity / Harvest | Notes |
| Celery | March-April | After last Frost | 8" | no | 2-3 Ft. | 1/8" | 40 | Tender | 120 - 140 Days | Celery requires a longer growing season, lots of water, and prefers cooler temperatures. Without proper care & conditions, Celery stalks can be very dry and stringy. |
| Corn | no | May - Successive Planting every 2 weeks | 3" | 1 Ft. | 3 Ft. | 1" | 50 | Tender | 60 - 100 Days | Should be planted closely together in blocks rather than rows to insure good pollination. |
| Cress | Year-round | Early spring - Late Summer | ½" | 1-2" | 18-24" | ¼" | 50 | Semi-Hardy | 20 - 50 Days | Sow every 10 days for continuous harvest through midsummer & in late summer for autumn & winter harvest. |
| Cucumber | no | May - June | 2" | 4" | 3-4 Ft. | 1" | 60 | Very Tender | 2-3 Months | Spread a mulch of black plastic to the area before the vines begin to spread. Prompt harvesting will prolong the fruiting period. |
| Eggplant | Feb.-March Into garden in May | 2 weeks after last frost | 20-30" | no | 30-36" | ¼" | 60 | Very Tender | 4-5+ Months | Use bedding plants in short season areas, Needs excellent drainge and warm soil. |
| Endive | April - July | 1" | 8" | 18-24" | ¼" | Hardy | 90-100 Days | Like cool weather & lots of moisture, in rich, well drained soil. Provide an even amount of moisture and fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer works well. | ||
| Gourd | no | Last Frost | 6 Ft/ Hill | 2-3 Ft. Hill | 6-10 Ft./ Hill | ½" | 60 | Tender | 90-130 Days | Gourds have a long growing season so you will want to get them started as early as possible. |
| Vegetable | Indoor Sowing | Outdoor Sowing | Plants Spacing | Thin to | Rows Spacing | Seed Planting Depth | Mini Soil Temp °F | Hardiness | Time to Maturity / Harvest | Notes |
| Kale | no | Can be planted before last frost date | 1" | 12" | 2-3 Ft. | ½" | 50 | Very Hardy | 55-60 Days | Prefers cool weather and can withstand light frosts. For fall harvest, sow seeds in July. |
| Kohlrabi | Can be planted before last frost date | 1" | 24" | 24" | ¼" | 50 | Semi-Hardy | 45-55 Days | Prefers cool weather. If the weather allows, you can get a spring & a fall crop. Most growth will occur in cool weather. | |
| Leek | 10-12 Weeks before last Frost | After Last Frost | 4-8" | no | 2 Ft. | ½" | 50 | Semi-Hardy | Start Indoors. Add plenty of compost and manure to soil. To encourage long, thin stems, plant leeks closer together; for thicker stems, set them farther apart. | |
| Lettuce | Feb.-March Into garden early April | April-August | 1/3" | 1 Ft. | 12-18" | ¼" | 35 | Hardy | 70-90 Days | Grows best in the cool temperatures of spring and fall. Needs very rich soil and lots of moisture. Plant successive crops every two weeks til the end of April. |
| Melon | 3-4 Weeks before Last Frost | After last Frost | 8-10 seeds/3" apart in hill | 2 plants/ hill | 5-6 Ft. | ½" | 60 | Very Tender | 75-90 Days | Start indoors in colder regions, then transplant once all danger of frost has past. Make sure Melons get ample soil moisture and nutrients. |
| Okra | no | 2 weeks after last frost | 12" | no | 3-4 Ft | ¾" | 60 | Very Tender | 50-75 Days | Harvest when young (2"-3") |
| Harvest often to encourage production | ||||||||||
| Choose fast maturing varieties | ||||||||||
| Onions | February | April | 3" | no | 12-18" | ½" | 40 | Semi-Hardy | 3-4 Months | Plant as early as possible. Apply a fertilizer high in phosphorus and potash. Onion sets may also be grown in planters. |
| Vegetable | Indoor Sowing | Outdoor Sowing | Plants Spacing | Thin to | Rows Spacing | Seed Planting Depth | Mini Soil Temp °F | Hardiness | Time to Maturity / Harvest | Notes |
| Peas | no | April Successive plantings every 2 weeks | 1-2" | no | 3-5" | 2" | 40 | Semi-Hardy | 60 Days | Do best in cool temperatures, so plant early and harvest when the peas are young. |
| Peppers | Feb.-March Into garden in May | May | 12-18" | no | 24" | ½" | 60 | Very Tender | 4-5 Months | Do not provide too much nitrogen or you'll have lots of plant, little fruit. A black plastic mulch will warm the soil and promote good growth. |
| Pumpkins | no | May | 5"-7"/Hill | 3"/Hill | 36" | 3-4" | 60 | Tender | 4-5 Months | Pumpkins take up a lot of room, so sometimes it is better to plant them outside of the garden. Will tolerate a small amount of shade. |
| Radishes | Feb.-March Into garden early April | April | 1-3" | 18-24" | ½" | 40 | Hardy | 30 Days | Plant radishes early. They will go to flower when the warm temperatures arrive. | |
| Rutabaga | no | April- July | 3-4" | 9" | 18" | ¾" | 40 | Hardy | 80-100 Days | Water well. If rutabagas don't get enough water they will be woody and won't taste as good. |
| Spinach | no | April | 6" | 12-18" | ½" | 35 | Very Hardy | 90 Days | Soil pH should be between 6.0 and 6.7 Apply nitrate of soda between the rows to stimulate growth. Harvest spinach when young or the plants will go to seed. | |
| Squash / Zucchini | no | April-July | 36" | 36" | 1" | 60 | Summer: Tender / Winter: Very Tender | 4-5 Months | Grows well in warm areas, prefers rich organic soil. | |
| Tomato | March | May | 30-36" | 30-36" | ½" | 50 | Tender | 4-5 Months | Provide frost protection when first planted. Tomato plants may be trained on stakes, grown in cages, or allowed to crawl along the ground. Tomatoes will ripen after they have been picked. | |
| Watermelons | no | May | 72" | 72" | 1" | 60 | Very Tender | 4-5 Months | Do best in sandy soil with plenty of added manure. Top dress with high nitrogen/potash fertilizer. Needs warm temperatures to mature. |
